Glossary

The Indonesian legal and administrative terms you meet when you buy, lease or build in Bali, in alphabetical order. Each entry says what the law says, with the regulation and article, and what applies to foreigners where the law says something specific.

Terms on other pages of this guide link here the first time they appear on a page.

The deed of sale. PP 24/1997 requires a PPAT deed to register a land transfer by sale. For apartment units (sarusun) UU 20/2011 says that a sale after the building is complete is made by an AJB.

APOA (Aplikasi Pelaporan Orang Asing, the Foreign Persons Reporting Application) is the online application of the Directorate General of Immigration, part of the Ministry of Immigration and Corrections (Kemenimipas), through which the owner or manager of a lodging gives the data of foreign guests. The owner or manager of a lodging must give the data of the foreigners who stay there when an immigration officer or a police officer asks for it (UU 6/2011 Pasal 72(2), as amended by UU 63/2024). The duty to give the data when an officer asks is in the Act (UU 6/2011 Pasal 72(2)) and in PP 31/2013 Pasal 187(2). PP 31/2013 Pasal 188(2) adds that the data must be handed to an immigration officer for immigration supervision, and does not say that this happens only on request. Neither text sets a deadline.

Kementerian ATR is the ministry that runs government affairs on land and the spatial-planning sub-affair of public works; BPN (Badan Pertanahan Nasional) is the non-ministerial agency doing government work on land. Under Permen ATR/BPN 6/2025 the Kementerian ATR/BPN reports to the President and is led by a Minister who is at the same time the Head of BPN.

Awig-Awig are the rules made by the Desa Adat and/or Banjar Adat that apply to Krama Desa Adat, Krama Tamiu and Tamiu.

Perda Bali 5/2025 created the Bale Kerta Adhyaksa, in force since 18 February 2026, which works with the public prosecutor's office to settle minor criminal matters, simple civil matters and community disputes restoratively within a desa adat's area. It excludes, among others, adat matters, serious crimes and matters already at investigation, prosecution or trial. Its settlement can be a final peace decision that binds the parties, which is not a court judgment. The Perda does not mention land disputes.

A Banjar Adat (Banjar Suka Duka) is a part of a Desa Adat.

Bandesa Adat (also called Kubayan, or another local name) is the head of the Desa Adat's board of officials (prajuru).

BHUMI ATR/BPN is the Kementerian ATR/BPN website with an interactive land map that stores geospatial data from the ministry's work units.

BPHTB is a tax on the acquisition of land and/or building rights. It is collected by the regency/city government where the land or building is located. The rate is set by regional regulation (Perda) and may not exceed 5%. For a sale, the tax becomes due on the date the PPJB is made and signed.

Registration gives the owner three things: the BPKB (the owner's book), the STNK (the registration certificate) and the number plate, TNKB (UU 22/2009 Pasal 65(2)). The BPKB serves as proof of the vehicle's legitimacy and of ownership (Perpol 7/2021 Pasal 16(1)) and stays valid as long as ownership is not transferred (UU 22/2009 Pasal 70(1)).

A Desa Adat is a unit of customary-law society in Bali that has its own territory, status, original structure, traditional rights, wealth, traditions and etiquette passed down over generations, bound by a holy place (kahyangan tiga or kahyangan desa), with authority and the right to manage its own affairs.

PP 18/2021 lets a foreigner own a house or apartment if the foreigner holds immigration documents (dokumen keimigrasian) in line with the law. In the elucidation of Pasal 69(1), dokumen keimigrasian means a visa, passport or stay permit (izin tinggal).

Girik is one of the old written land-tax records listed in the explanation of PP 24/1997 Pasal 24 as evidence of earlier ownership when land is first registered. Under PP 18/2021 Pasal 96, written proof of land formerly held under customary law (alat bukti tertulis Tanah bekas milik adat) had to be registered within 5 years of the regulation taking effect; after that it is declared no longer valid as proof of a land right and serves only as a pointer (petunjuk) in land registration.

GSB is the line that limits how close a building may be built to the front, rear and sides of the plot.

Hak Guna Bangunan is the right to erect and own buildings on land that is not one's own (UUPA Pasal 35(1)). Under PP 18/2021 it can be granted on State land, Hak Pengelolaan land or Hak Milik land. On State or Hak Pengelolaan land the term is up to 30 years, extendable by up to 20 years and then renewable for up to 30 years (Pasal 37(1)), on application and if the conditions in Pasal 40(1) are met (on HPL land with the HPL holder's approval, Pasal 40(2)). On Hak Milik land it is granted for up to 30 years and can only be renewed, by agreement with the owner and a new deed made by a PPAT (Pasal 37(2), 40(3)).

HGB can be granted only to Indonesian citizens and to legal entities established under Indonesian law and domiciled in Indonesia (PP 18/2021 Pasal 34); a holder that stops qualifying must release or transfer it within 1 year (Pasal 35). A foreigner holding the required immigration documents (Pasal 67(1)c, 69(1)) may own an apartment unit built on HGB or Hak Pakai land, for units built in special economic zones, free trade zones and free ports, industrial areas and other economic zones; the elucidation of Pasal 71(2) says other economic zones include urban areas, areas supporting urban areas and tourism areas.

Hak Guna Usaha is the right to cultivate land directly controlled by the State for agriculture, fisheries or livestock (UUPA Pasal 28(1)). Under PP 18/2021 it can be granted on State land or Hak Pengelolaan land (Pasal 21) by decision of the Minister, and it arises on registration at the Kantor Pertanahan (Pasal 23-24). It is held by Indonesian citizens and legal entities under Indonesian law (Pasal 19), for up to 35 years, extendable by up to 25 and renewable for up to 35 (Pasal 22(1)).

PP 18/2021 Pasal 19 lists only Indonesian citizens and Indonesian legal entities as holders.

Hak Milik is the hereditary, strongest and fullest right a person can hold over land. It can pass to other people and must be registered under the land registration system.

Only Indonesian citizens may hold Hak Milik (UUPA Pasal 21(1)). A foreigner who gets it by inheritance without a will or by marital property mixing must give it up within one year (Pasal 21(3)). Any sale or other act meant to pass Hak Milik to a foreigner, directly or indirectly, is void by law and the land falls to the State (Pasal 26(2)).

Hak milik atas satuan rumah susun is ownership of an apartment unit. PP 18/2021 lists who may be granted it, including foreigners who hold a permit under the law.

PP 18/2021 Pasal 67(1) lists 'Orang Asing yang mempunyai izin sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan' among eligible holders, and Pasal 71(1)b says the apartment building must stand on Hak Pakai or HGB land (State land, HPL land, or Hak Milik land). Pasal 71(2) covers units built in special economic zones, free trade zones and free ports, industrial areas and other economic zones; the elucidation of Pasal 71(2) says other economic zones include urban areas, areas supporting urban areas and tourism areas.

Hak Pakai is the right to use and/or take the produce of State land or another person's land, on terms set in the grant decision or in an agreement with the owner. Under PP 18/2021, a time-limited Hak Pakai on State or Hak Pengelolaan land runs up to 30 years, extendable by up to 20 and renewable for up to 30; on Hak Milik land it is granted for up to 30 years and renewed by a new deed.

Foreigners are expressly eligible: UUPA Pasal 42 lists 'orang asing yang berkedudukan di Indonesia', and PP 18/2021 Pasal 49(2) lists 'Orang Asing' for time-limited Hak Pakai. A foreigner who holds immigration documents under the law (Pasal 69(1)) may own a residential house (rumah tapak) on Hak Pakai, including Hak Pakai over Hak Milik (by agreement made in a PPAT deed) or over Hak Pengelolaan land (by land-use agreement with the HPL holder) (Pasal 71(1)a). Ownership is subject to limits on minimum price, plot size, number of plots/units and residential use (Pasal 72), which a ministerial regulation sets out (Pasal 73).

Hak Pengelolaan is a right derived from the State's right to control land, where part of the State's authority is delegated to the holder. It can originate from State land or customary (ulayat) land.

A foreigner can hold Hak Pakai on a house plot over HPL land through a land-use agreement with the HPL holder (PP 18/2021 Pasal 71(1)a).

A person or legal entity has a hak sewa over land when they may use another person's land for building purposes by paying the owner rent. Rent may be paid once or at set intervals, and before or after the land is used.

UUPA Pasal 45 lists 'orang asing yang berkedudukan di Indonesia' among those who may hold a hak sewa.

Hak Tanggungan is a security right placed on a land right (with or without things that form one unit with the land) to secure payment of a specific debt, giving a certain creditor priority over other creditors (UU 4/1996 Pasal 1(1)). It is granted by a deed, the Akta Pemberian Hak Tanggungan, made by a PPAT (Pasal 10(2)), which must be registered at the Kantor Pertanahan (Pasal 13(1)); the Hak Tanggungan comes into being on the date of its land-book entry (Pasal 13(5)).

Under the Marriage Law, property acquired during the marriage becomes joint property (harta bersama). Property each spouse brought into the marriage, and property each receives as a gift or by inheritance, stays under that spouse's own control unless the spouses decide otherwise.

For joint property, a spouse may act with the consent of both spouses. If the marriage ends by divorce, joint property is governed by the spouses' 'respective law' (hukumnya masing-masing); the Law does not define that term.

The IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) is a number of 15 digits that identifies one mobile phone, handheld computer or tablet that uses a SIM card (Permenkominfo 1/2020 Pasal 1(1) and (4)).

Each operator runs an equipment identity register (EIR) connected to a central register, the CEIR, which the ministry in charge of industry manages (Pasal 1(7), (8) and 2(1), (6)). Before an operator gives a phone access to the network it must check the IMEI against the CEIR (Pasal 3(1)). The check is made against the product registration data that the Ministry of Industry holds and, where needed, also against international IMEI data (Pasal 3(2), (3)). A phone that passes goes on the white list (Pasal 3(4)).

Three lists decide. The white list gives access, the black list gives none, and the grey list gives access for a limited time or on other conditions (Pasal 1(10) to (12)).

ITBX is the usual name of the table of activities and land uses in the zoning regulation of a detailed plan (RDTR). It classes each activity in each zone as I (allowed), T (allowed with a limit that can be measured), B (allowed on a condition) or X (not allowed). Activities are named by KBLI code, at least three digits.

A plan may number the classes. The Kuta Selatan plan splits T into T1, T2 and T3 and B into B1 and B2, and its key says what each means.

The Kantor Pertanahan is the ministry's vertical office at regency or city level. It registers land rights and maintains the public land registration records.

KBLI is the classification code regulated by the non-ministerial government agency responsible for statistics.

Since 15 June 2026 OSS applies KBLI 2025 (Peraturan BPS 7/2025). PP 28/2025, Permenpar 6/2025 and the investment list still cite the 2020 codes, so read both numberings.

KDB is the percentage ratio of the total ground-floor area of the building to the plot area. KLB is the percentage ratio of the total floor area of the building to the plot area. KDH is the percentage ratio of the open space outside the building meant for planting to the plot area.

Izin Tinggal Tetap is a permit given to certain foreigners to live and settle in Indonesia as residents of Indonesia (UU 6/2011 Pasal 1(23)). It is issued in the form of a card (Permenkumham 22/2023 Pasal 122(1)). Under UU 6/2011 Pasal 54(1) as amended by UU 6/2023 it can be given, among others, to a foreigner holding a limited stay permit as a clergy member, worker, investor or second-home holder (rumah kedua), to family through mixed marriage, to the spouse and/or child of an Izin Tinggal Tetap holder, and to former Indonesian citizens. Holders are residents (penduduk) of Indonesia (Pasal 54(3)).

Holders of an Izin Tinggal Tetap are residents (penduduk) of Indonesia (UU 6/2011 Pasal 54(3)).

Izin Tinggal Terbatas is a permit given to a foreigner to live and be in Indonesia for a limited period. It is given to foreigners who enter on a limited-stay visa and to several other groups, including a foreigner lawfully married to an Indonesian citizen. It is issued in the form of a card.

PP 18/2021 Pasal 69(1) ties a foreigner's ability to own a home to holding immigration documents; it does not name KITAS or KITAP specifically.

KKPR is the conformity between a planned use of space and the spatial plan (RTR). A document confirming conformity is issued as a Konfirmasi KKPR (if checked against an RDTR) or a Persetujuan KKPR (if checked against a spatial plan other than an RDTR).

Krama Desa Adat are Hindu members of Balinese society who are 'Mipil' (registered in the Desa Adat's membership system) and recorded as members of that Desa Adat.

LKPM is the investment activity report: a report on the progress of the realised investment and on the problems the business actor faces, which must be made and submitted regularly.

Krama Tamiu are Hindu members of Balinese society who are not 'Mipil' but are recorded in the local Desa Adat.

LP2B (Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan) is farmland that is designated to be protected and developed consistently to produce staple food for national food self-reliance, security and sovereignty (UU 41/2009 Pasal 1(3)). Land designated as LP2B is protected and may not be converted to another use (Pasal 44(1)). Conversion is allowed only for the public interest and/or a national strategic project (Pasal 44(2) as amended by UU 6/2023), and for the public interest only on the conditions in Pasal 44(3). Central and regional governments designate LP2B in spatial plans using the protected-rice-field map (Perpres 4/2026 Pasal 16).

Under Perpres 4/2026 (which replaced Perpres 59/2019 on 4 February 2026), a rice field (lahan sawah) that is in the map of protected rice fields but has not yet been designated as sustainable food farmland (LP2B) in a spatial plan may not be converted to another use before the minister for land affairs and spatial planning gives a recommendation to change land use (Pasal 17(1)). The map is proposed by the Coordinating Minister for Food (Menko Pangan, head of the Integrated Team) and set by that minister (Pasal 15(1)); it must be integrated into the LP2B designation in spatial plans (Pasal 16, 27). 'LSD' is ATR/BPN usage; the Perpres says 'Lahan Sawah yang dilindungi'.

Notaries are supervised by the Minister through the Majelis Pengawas, and PPAT by the land ministry.

A complaint against a notary goes to the Majelis Pengawas Daerah (MPD), the supervisory council for the notary's district or city, which the law itself names as the body that receives complaints from the public. MPD decisions can be appealed to the provincial Majelis Pengawas Wilayah (MPW), and then to the national Majelis Pengawas Pusat (MPP).

MDA is the union (pasikian) of Desa Adat at provincial, regency/city and sub-district level in tiers. It has duties in the practice of customs and traditions rooted in Hindu teachings and local wisdom, and gives advice, opinions, guidance, interpretation and decisions on customs, tradition, culture, social-religious matters, local wisdom, customary law and the customary economy.

NIB is proof of registration of a business actor for carrying out business activity, and serves as the actor's identity in running that business.

NJOP is the average price obtained from sales and purchases that took place fairly. Where there are no such sales, it is set by comparison with similar objects, new acquisition value or a substitute NJOP.

'Nominee' (pinjam nama) is not a legal term in the reviewed texts. Two rules address it: UUPA says any sale, gift or other act meant to pass Hak Milik directly or indirectly to a foreigner is void by law and the land falls to the State; and UU 25/2007 bans agreements or statements that company shares in an investing PT are held for and on behalf of another person, and declares them void.

Land: transfers that pass Hak Milik to a foreigner directly or indirectly are void by law (UUPA Pasal 26(2)). Companies: foreign and domestic investors in a PT are barred from agreements that shares are held for another person (UU 25/2007 Pasal 33).

A notaris is a public official with authority to make authentic deeds and other powers given by law. A notaris may make authentic deeds on all acts, agreements and decisions required by law or wanted by the parties, except where the law gives that task to another official.

NPSN is the national number of a school, shown in the register. The ministry publishes the Data Referensi Kemendikdasmen (referensi.data.kemendikdasmen.go.id).

You can browse it from the province to the kabupaten or kota, the subdistrict and the school, filter by form (among them SPK SD and SPK SMP) and by status (state or private), or search by school name or by the NPSN.

A number in the register is not the licence. Ask the school for the licence and for the office that issued it.

The page "Data Akreditasi Sekolah" lets you search by NPSN or school name, filter and download the certificate.

The Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia takes reports of maladministration in public services: unlawful conduct, abuse of authority or neglect of a legal duty that causes loss. The Ombudsman is not a court and does not decide ownership.

The Ombudsman rejects a report if a court is examining or has examined the matter, except a report about maladministration in the court process. If it finds maladministration it issues a Recommendation, which the office and its superior must carry out.

In PP 18/2021 an Orang Asing is a person who is not an Indonesian citizen and whose presence benefits Indonesia, who does business, works or invests in Indonesia. UU 6/2011 defines the term more simply as a person who is not an Indonesian citizen.

PP 18/2021 uses the term 'Orang Asing' for land purposes, which narrows it to foreigners who benefit Indonesia, do business, work or invest here.

The OSS system is the integrated electronic system run by the OSS agency, used to carry out risk-based business licensing. The OSS agency is the ministry for investment affairs and coordination of capital investment.

Pacalang is the traditional Balinese security task force formed by a Desa Adat to keep security and order within the Desa Adat's territory.

Padruwen Desa Adat is all the wealth of the Desa Adat, tangible (materiil) and intangible (immateriil) (Perda Bali 4/2019 Pasal 1(33)). Land is one part of it: the Palemahan of a Desa Adat covers land owned by the Desa Adat and 'tanah guna kaya', which can be communal or individual land (Pasal 10(2)). A change in the status of the rights and function of Desa Adat land must be agreed through the Paruman Desa Adat or Banjar Adat (Pasal 11(1)); the agreement is delivered to the regency/city MDA (Pasal 11(2)) and the change is registered under the applicable legislation (Pasal 11(3)).

A pararem is a rule or decision of the Paruman Desa Adat that implements the Awig-Awig, or that sets new matters and/or resolves customary cases (perkara adat) in the Desa Adat.

PBB-P2 is the tax on land and/or buildings that are owned, controlled and/or used by a person or entity. It is a regency/city tax.

PBG is the approval given to the owner of a building to construct a new building, or to change, extend, reduce and/or maintain an existing one in line with the technical standards. A building that exists without PBG must obtain an SLF to get one.

A villa let to guests owes a regional tax, PBJT on hotel services, on what guests pay. The operator calculates, files and pays it. Hotel services are the provision of accommodation, which may come with food, entertainment or other facilities, and are an object of PBJT (UU 1/2022 Pasal 1 angka 47 and Pasal 50). The guest is the tax subject, the seller of the service is the taxpayer, and the tax is self-assessed, with a return (SPTPD) (Pasal 5(2), (4), (5) and Pasal 56).

UU 1/2026 is the Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2026 tentang Penyesuaian Pidana. It adjusts criminal penalties in other laws and in regional regulations (Perda) and amends the Criminal Code (KUHP, UU 1/2023) itself (Pasal VII). It came into force on 2 January 2026 (Pasal IX).

Where detention is threatened together with a fine, the detention is removed (Pasal II(3); Pasal IV(3) for a Perda, except a Perda on adat offences, Pasal IV(4)). Fines the law converts are stated as categories, for example category II for a fine of up to Rp10,000,000 and category IV for a fine of up to Rp200,000,000. A Perda fine below category II stays as written (Pasal IV(2)(a)).

For a provision with prison and a fine, a fine set as a multiple of the loss or gain (the elucidation names the general tax law and the building law UU 28/2002 as examples) is not converted into a category (Pasal II(5) and (7)). For other provisions, Lampiran I keeps some such fines as written, for example the building law's percentages of the building value (Lampiran I nomor 32); for provisions it does not list, the text does not say how such a fine is converted.

The ministry runs an online service, e-layanan Kemendikdasmen, that assesses a diploma or study record from a foreign education system as equal to the national diploma of the primary, lower secondary or upper secondary level, Paket A, B and C included. Upper secondary vocational schools (SMK) go to the vocational directorate of the ministry. The service is free, the letter is signed electronically and needs no legalisation, and the stated time is at most 5 working days from the day the file is complete (the service's FAQ, read on 6 October 2026).

Who may apply. Indonesian and foreign pupils who finished primary, lower or upper secondary school at a foreign school abroad; foreign pupils who finished at an international school, an SPK or a diplomatic school in Indonesia; Indonesian pupils from an international school or an SPK only up to school year 2014/2015. Indonesian pupils of later years at an SPK hold a national diploma and need no equivalence.

The admission regulation, for its part, does not name the equivalence letter as a condition of transfer: it asks for the diploma or other proof that the level was finished, and a placement test (Pasal 58). Whether a given school asks for the letter is not in the texts we read.

PP 18/2021 says an Indonesian citizen who marries a foreigner may hold the same land rights as other citizens. That land is not joint marital property if this is shown by an agreement separating the spouses' property, made in a notarial deed.

An Indonesian citizen married to a foreigner can hold land rights like other citizens (PP 18/2021 Pasal 70(1)); the land is not joint property if proven by a notarial property separation agreement (Pasal 70(2)).

Pasal 29 of the Marriage Law lets spouses make a written agreement. Originally it had to be made at or before the wedding and ratified by the marriage registrar. It took effect from the wedding, and during the marriage it could not be changed unless both agreed and third parties were not harmed.

On 27 October 2016 the Constitutional Court (decision 69/PUU-XIII/2015) ruled that Pasal 29(1) has no binding force unless read this way: at the time of, before or during the marriage, the two parties may by mutual consent submit a written agreement ratified by the marriage registrar or a notary, and its content also binds third parties insofar as they are concerned. The agreement takes effect from the wedding unless it says otherwise. During the marriage it may cover marital property or other matters, and it cannot be changed or revoked unless both agree and the change does not harm third parties.

Persetujuan Lingkungan is the environmental approval of a business or activity: a decision that the plan is environmentally feasible, or a statement of commitment to manage the environment, approved by the central or regional government (UU 32/2009 Pasal 1 angka 35, as amended by UU 6/2023). It has three levels, by impact, size and place: Amdal (an environmental impact study, ending in a Surat Keputusan Kelayakan Lingkungan Hidup), UKL-UPL (a management and monitoring form, ending in a Pernyataan Kesanggupan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup) and SPPL (a self-statement issued with the NIB). The Minister's list of activities and sizes is Permen LHK 4/2021.

A Persetujuan KKPR is a document stating that a planned use of space conforms to a spatial plan other than an RDTR. Where an RDTR exists and is integrated into the OSS system, a Konfirmasi KKPR (conformity with the RDTR) is used instead; where the RDTR is not yet integrated, a Persetujuan KKPR is still needed.

Penanaman modal asing is investing capital to do business in Indonesia carried out by a foreign investor, whether with entirely foreign capital or jointly with a domestic investor. A foreign investor (penanam modal asing) is a foreign citizen, foreign business entity and/or foreign government investing in Indonesia.

A PPAT is a public official authorised to make authentic deeds on certain legal acts about land rights or ownership of apartment units. A transfer of a land right by sale, exchange, gift and similar acts can be registered only if it is proven by a deed made by a competent PPAT (auction transfers excepted).

Income from transferring land and/or building rights, and from a PPJB for them, is subject to a final income tax. The general rate is 2.5% of the gross transfer value; 1% applies to simple houses and simple apartments transferred by a business whose main activity is such transfers; 0% applies to transfers to the government for public-interest land acquisition.

A PPJB (perjanjian pengikatan jual beli) is a preliminary sale-and-purchase agreement made before the final deed of sale. UU 20/2011 allows a sale of an apartment unit before the building is finished through a PPJB made before a notaris, once these are certain: land ownership status, the building approval (Persetujuan Bangunan Gedung, PBG), utilities, at least 20% built, and the promised terms (Pasal 43 as amended by UU 6/2023). Tax law treats the date a PPJB is made and signed as the point when BPHTB becomes due on a sale (UU 1/2022 Pasal 49 huruf a).

'PT PMA' is the common name for a limited liability company (perseroan terbatas) used for foreign investment. UU 25/2007 says foreign investment must take the form of a PT under Indonesian law and domiciled in Indonesia, unless another law says otherwise.

Foreign investment must be made through an Indonesian-law PT based in Indonesia (UU 25/2007 Pasal 5(2)). Agreements stating that shares are held for another person are void (Pasal 33).

A suit to cancel a state administrative decision must be filed within 90 days from the day the decision was received or announced (UU 5/1986 Pasal 55). Bali has one first-instance administrative court, PTUN Denpasar. Appeals go to the high administrative court in Mataram (PT TUN Mataram), whose area covers Bali, NTB and NTT.

RDTR (Rencana Detail Tata Ruang) is a detailed plan for the space of a regency or city, complete with that regency's or city's zoning regulation (PP 21/2021 Pasal 1(6)). It is the detailed plan under the regency or city RTRW (Pasal 5(3)). A regency/city RDTR is set by a regional-head regulation (peraturan bupati/wali kota) after the Minister gives substantive approval (Pasal 85 huruf d, 91(1)).

Roya, in the law pencoretan, is the striking of a Hak Tanggungan note from the land book and the certificate of the land right by the land office, once the Hak Tanggungan has ended (UU 4/1996 Pasal 22(1)). The Elucidation says it is done for administrative order and has no legal effect on a Hak Tanggungan that has already ended. The land office must do it within 7 working days of receiving the application (Pasal 22(8)).

The plan (RPTKA) is the plan to use a foreigner in a given post for a given time, and its ratification (Pengesahan RPTKA) is the approval of that use by the Manpower Minister or the official he names (PP 34/2021 Pasal 1 angka 4 and 5). The duty to hold the ratification is the employer's, from the moment it employs the foreigner (UU 13/2003 Pasal 42(1); PP 34/2021 Pasal 6(1)).

A foreign worker (TKA) is a foreign citizen who holds a visa with the intent to work in Indonesia (PP 34/2021 Pasal 1 angka 1). The employer (Pemberi Kerja TKA) is a legal entity founded under Indonesian law, or another body, that employs a foreigner and pays wages or other pay (angka 2). An individual may not employ a foreigner (UU 13/2003 Pasal 42(2); PP 34/2021 Pasal 9).

RTRW (Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah) is the general spatial plan (rencana umum tata ruang) that exists in a hierarchy at national, provincial and regency/city level (UU 26/2007 Pasal 14(2), as amended by UU 6/2023). The regency RTRW contains: the objectives, policies and strategy for spatial planning; the plan for spatial structure; the plan for spatial pattern (protected and cultivation areas); the direction for use of space (indicative 5-year programmes); and provisions for controlling use of space (general zoning provisions, KKPR provisions, incentives and disincentives, and sanctions) (Pasal 26(1) as amended). Strategic areas of the regency or city are an integral part of its RTRW (PP 21/2021 Pasal 1(29)).

An immigration detention room (Ruang Detensi Imigrasi) is a room within a Directorate General, immigration office or checkpoint. An immigration detention house (Rumah Detensi Imigrasi, Rudenim) is a separate unit of immigration, a temporary shelter for foreigners given an administrative action (UU 6/2011 Pasal 1 angka 33 and 34, Pasal 82; PP 31/2013 Pasal 207).

The Act sets no short limit for the house. It sets a ceiling of ten years where deportation cannot be done, and the regulation sets 30 days for the room.

Sad Kerthi is, in UU 15/2023, a value of Balinese local wisdom, an effort towards the purification of the soul (atma kerthi), the sea and the beach (segara kerthi), water sources (danu kerthi), plants (wana kerthi), humans (jana kerthi) and the universe (jagat kerthi). Perda 4/2019 words the six differently in Pasal 1 angka 28, and the page Why Bali is set up this way sets both wordings side by side.

Registration, the annual vehicle tax and the compulsory contribution for road accident victims are handled together at the Samsat (UU 22/2009 Pasal 67(1)).

The building ownership document (SBKBG) records the building owner and the status of the land right, with the land-use agreement attached. The SBKBG records the owner, address, land right status, PBG number and SLF number.

The building papers follow the land agreement. If the agreement ends without extension, the SBKBG is deleted. The SBKBG can be extended only after the land agreement is extended, and the extension rests on a valid SLF. If the SLF and any temporary-use letter lapse, the SBKBG becomes invalid and public utility service is withdrawn until a new SLF is obtained.

Sempadan pantai is the strip of land along the shore whose width is proportional to the shape and physical condition of the coast, at least 100 metres from the highest tide towards land. The boundary is set by the regional government after calculation based on the coast's characteristics.

Sempadan sungai is the space on the left and right of the river channel (palung sungai) between the setback line (garis sempadan) and the channel edge for a river without a levee, or between the setback line and the outer toe of the levee for an embanked river (PP 38/2011 Pasal 8(1)). It works as a buffer between the river and the land beside it, so that river functions and human activity do not disturb each other (Pasal 5(5)). The setback line is an imaginary line left and right of the channel set as the river's protection limit (Pasal 1(9)). The law sets minimum distances, for example 10 m, 15 m or 30 m for an unembanked urban river depending on depth, and 100 m or 50 m outside urban areas for large and small rivers (Pasal 9-10). The line is set by the Minister, governor or regent/mayor after a study (Pasal 16).

A villa business needs a business registration number (NIB) and a Sertifikat Standar, both through OSS. For a medium-low risk activity they are the whole business licence (PB). The Sertifikat Standar is the business actor's statement that it will meet the business standard (Pasal 131(2)), and the basis for preparation, operations and commercial activity.

A sertifikat (sertipikat) is the document that proves a right, recorded in the land book, for a land right, hak pengelolaan, wakaf land, hak milik atas satuan rumah susun or hak tanggungan. It is strong evidence of the physical and legal data it contains, as long as those match the survey document and land book.

Everyone who drives a motor vehicle on a road must hold a driving licence (SIM) for the type of vehicle (UU 22/2009 Pasal 77(1)). The police issue it (Pasal 87(2)). It is valid for 5 years and can be renewed (Pasal 85(2)).

SIMBG is a web-based electronic system used to carry out the process for PBG, SLF, SBKBG, RTB and building data collection, along with information on running a building.

Cases are searched in SIPP, the public case search of each court; we tested its keyword box, which matches party names and case numbers, on Singaraja and Bangli. The administrative court in Denpasar has its own SIPP.

A search that finds nothing proves little: names appear as filed, so spelling variants and Balinese names can hide a match; some parties are masked (Disamarkan); and a court's SIPP shows only cases filed in that court.

A foreigner who holds an ITAS and plans to live in Indonesia must report to the population office, within 14 working days of the ITAS being issued. The office registers the foreigner and issues a residence certificate, the Surat Keterangan Tempat Tinggal (SKTT) (UU 23/2006 Pasal 20(1) and (2)). The SKTT is a population document (Pasal 59(1) and (2)). It is valid as long as the ITAS and the holder must carry it when travelling (Pasal 20(3) and (4)).

SLF is a certificate given by the regional government confirming a building is fit to function, before it may be used.

In Permenpar 6/2025 the mandatory items for villa, pondok wisata and guesthouse are two: a Dokumen Penilaian Mandiri, a self-assessment of readiness to apply the standard, and a Sertifikat Laik Sehat (SLS). The annex lists the Sertifikat Laik Sehat as a separate PB UMKU, a licence that supports the business, not part of the NIB and the Sertifikat Standar.

An SPK is a school run or managed on the basis of cooperation between a foreign education institution that is accredited or recognised in its own country and an institution in Indonesia (Permendikbud 31/2014 Pasal 1 angka 6). On the formal route it can be a kindergarten, a primary school, a lower or upper secondary school or an equivalent form (Pasal 2(2)); the initiators are an Indonesian institution with accreditation A and the foreign institution (Pasal 4(2)).

An SPK has its seat in Indonesia after the Minister, or an official the Minister names, gives an establishment licence (Pasal 19(1)). On the formal route it is valid for 6 years (Pasal 19(2)), and the SPK may start teaching only after it is issued (Pasal 27(4)).

At least 30% of the teachers, and at least 80% of the education support staff other than the head, must be Indonesian citizens (Pasal 9(2) and 10(4)). An SPK may not use the word "international" in the name of the school, a programme, a class or a subject (Pasal 35).

At a road check the driver must show the STNK (the vehicle registration certificate) or a trial registration certificate, the SIM, proof of the periodic roadworthiness test where the vehicle needs one, or another valid proof (UU 22/2009 Pasal 106(5)).

The STNK and the plate last 5 years and must be endorsed every year (UU 22/2009 Pasal 70).

A subak is a traditional organisation for water use and, or, crop planning at farm level among Bali's customary communities, at once social and agrarian, religious and economic, which has grown and developed through history. It is regulated by Perda Provinsi Bali 9/2012 on Subak and has its own awig-awig.

A Tamiu is a person other than Krama Desa Adat and Krama Tamiu who is in the Desa Adat's territory temporarily or lives there and is recorded in the local Desa Adat.

Tanah Negara is land not attached to any land right, that is not wakaf land, not customary (ulayat) land and not a State or regional asset.

Tanah Ulayat is land within the territory of a customary law community that in reality still exists and has no land right attached to it.

Bali's tourism regulation requires every accommodation business to hold a Tanda Daftar Usaha Pariwisata (TDUP) and meet the tourism standard (Perda 5/2020 Pasal 11(1)(f) and (5)); the governor's regulation defines the TDUP as the permit issued by OSS. PP 28/2025 says a term with different nomenclature is read in the new nomenclature (Pasal 549 huruf b). Together they suggest that the OSS licence takes the place of the TDUP; no text says so in terms.

The ticket (Surat Tilang) is a form that the officer fills in and both sides sign. The signed copy is your basis to attend the hearing or to deposit the fine at the bank the Government designates (PP 80/2012 Pasal 27(2)(a)).

Cameras and portable or mobile devices (ETLE) record offences: speed limits, seat belts, signs and markings, traffic lights, the number of passengers on a motorbike, a helmet that does not meet the national standard, other activity that distracts the driver, the wrong lane, parking, and the loading of the vehicle (Perpol 2/2025 Pasal 4).

The expert team (TPA) makes up to 5 examinations within 28 working days, the first within 3. For a single house of one floor up to 72 m2 or two floors up to 90 m2, the technical assessment team (TPT) examines it within 5 working days.

Tri Hita Karana is, in UU 15/2023, the philosophy of the Balinese people about three causes of happiness: a harmonious attitude of life between people and God, among people, and between people and their environment, based on sacred sacrifice (yadnya). Perda 4/2019 makes it the source of the three basic elements of a desa adat: Parahyangan, Pawongan and Palemahan.

The investment list (Perpres 10/2021 as amended by Perpres 49/2021, in force on the official record on 2 October 2026, with no successor found) allocates five lodging codes to cooperatives and micro, small and medium enterprises (UMKM): 55110 Hotel Bintang 1, 55120 Hotel Melati, 55130 Pondok Wisata, 55199 Guest House and 55193 Vila (Lampiran II no. 48). It limits foreign investors to large businesses above Rp10 billion (Pasal 7(1)). OSS lists only micro, small and medium scales for these codes and for 55203, 55201 and 55209, and repeats the allocation to UMKM.

Wewidangan (Wewengkon) is the territory of a Desa Adat with set boundaries.

A zoning regulation (peraturan zonasi) is drawn up as a guide to control the use of space and is based on the detailed spatial plan for each zone of space use (UU 26/2007 Pasal 36(1)-(2)). In the current system a regency's or city's zoning regulation comes together with its RDTR (PP 21/2021 Pasal 1(6)), and the RDTR is set by a regional-head regulation (Pasal 85 huruf d). Since UU 6/2023, control of space use runs through KKPR provisions, incentives and disincentives, and sanctions (UU 26/2007 Pasal 35 as amended).